Effect of Yellow Propolis on Biocompatibility of Cements: Morphological and Immunohistochemistry Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The focus of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of ionomer cements modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) in different concentrations and time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, one hundred and thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups: Control, Groups Meron, and Groups Ketac (conventional, and added with 10, 25, 50% EEP, respectively). Histological analyses of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers, and immunohistochemistry of CD68+ for macrophages (MOs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests. RESULTS: Intense inflammatory infiltrate was demonstrated in the cements with 10% EEP at 7 days and 15 days (p < 0.05), only Group Ketac 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 30 days. A smaller quantity of collagen fibers was observed in the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 days, and Group Meron 10% EEP (p = 0.04) at 15 days. MOs and MGCs showed significant difference for the cements with 10% EEP (p = 0.01) at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, MOs persisted in the Groups with 10% EEP. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of 10% EEP had the greatest influence on the inflammatory and tissue repair processes. The concentrations of 25 and 50% EEP demonstrated biocompatibility similar to that of cements that did not receive EEP.

Avaliação da autopercepção de confiança clínica de concluintes do curso de odontologia / Evaluation of clinical self-confidence of undergraduates in dentistry

Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a autopercepção de confiança de alunos concluintes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, ao realizar diferentes procedimentos clínicos e verificar suas perspectivas profissionais futuras. Métodos: O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário semiestruturado dividido em três blocos: perfil do estudante (informações demográficas como idade, sexo, estado civil, etc), grau de confiança (procedimentos/situações clínicas) e perspectivas futuras (informações sobre preferências e possíveis preocupações enquanto profissionais). Para estudo dos resultados criou-se um índice de autoconfiança (IA), que representa a média dos valores de confiança nos procedimentos questionados no inquérito. Resultados: Verificou-se que para os procedimentos de instrução de higiene oral, restaurações de compósitos em classe I ou II, restaurações e extrações na odontopediatria e seleção de materiais dentários, os estudantes mostraram-se mais confiantes, porém apresentaram pouca confiança em procedimentos como diagnóstico e plano de tratamento de DTM (desordens temporomandibulares), cirurgia periodontal, diagnóstico de lesão/patologia oral, atendimento de pacientes com comprometimento sistêmico e extrações cirúrgicas de dentes multirradiculares. Todos os participantes do estudo apresentaram IA igual ou maior que 3 e foram considerados "confiantes" ou "muito confiantes". Os mesmos demonstraram preferência em atuar no serviço público após a graduação e, como principais preocupações, a baixa remuneração e a falta de conhecimento na gestão odontológica. Conclusão: Concluiu-se, portanto, que os alunos apresentaram um alto índice de autoconfiança porém, demonstraram estar mais confiantes em realizar procedimentos clínicos básicos e para procedimentos mais complexos mostraram-se pouco confiantes.

Aim: This study analyzed the self-perceived confidence of senior undergraduate dental students at the State University of Paraíba when performing different clinical procedures. Moreover, their future professional perspectives were also surveyed. Methods: A three-block semi-structured questionnaire provided information on the students' profile (age, gender, marital status, etc.), degree of confidence (procedures/clinical situations), and professional perspectives (preferences and professional concerns). To study the results, a self-confidence index (SCI) was created, which represents the average of confidence values in the procedures questioned in the survey. Results: The students reported being more confident in providing oral hygiene instruction and performing composite restorations (class I or II), restorations and extractions in pediatric dentistry, and the selection of dental materials. By contrast, they lacked confidence in the diagnosis and treatment planning of TMD, periodontal surgery, diagnosis of oral lesions, the assistance of patients with systemic conditions, and surgical extraction of teeth with multiple roots. All study participants had an AI equal to or greater than 3 and were considered "confident" or "very confident". The students showed a preference for working in the public service sector after graduating and were mostly concerned about low pay and their lack of knowledge in dental management. Conclusion: It was concluded, therefore, that the students showed a high level of self-confidence; however, they proved to be more confident in performing basic clinical procedures, while for more complex procedures, they were less confident.

Biocompatibility of Ionomeric Cements Modified by Red Propolis: A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biocompatibility in rat subcutaneous tissue of conventional orthodontic cements, Riva (R) and Meron (M), modified by the addition of ethanolic extract of red propolis (EERP), at different concentrations and time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eight male adult Wistar rats were used, distributed in nine groups of cements with added EERP at the concentrations used (C-control, MC, M10, M25, M50, RC, R10, R25, and R50). The rats were sacrificed after 3 time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The findings were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The highest concentrations led to a higher level of inflammation at the initial times (p < 0.05), but without differences after 30 days. In terms of collagen, there was less collagenization at the initial times in comparison with the control group C. However, over time, the addition of propolis resulted in healing compatible with that of group C. The level of CD68 immunostaining was statistically significantly higher in the groups with the highest concentrations (R50 and M50) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Orthodontic cements with the addition of EERP were found to be biocompatible in rat subcutaneous tissue. Riva cement with the addition of 50% EERP showed the highest tissue inflammation, but with satisfactory tissue repair.

In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations.

OBJECTIVES: The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and in vivo biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (n = 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (n = 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (n = 15, per group) were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.5). RESULTS: Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (p = 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (p > 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.

Antimicrobial, mechanical and biocompatibility analysis of chlorhexidine digluconate-modified cements.

BACKGROUND: The focus of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of glass ionomer (GICs) modified by Chlorhexidine (CHX). MATERIAL AND METHODS: For biocompatibility, 105 male Wistar rats were used, divided into 7 groups (n=15): Group C (Control,Polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M18, and Groups RL, RL10, RL18 (M-Meron and RL-Riva Luting: conventional, and modified with 10%, and 18% CHX, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under optical microscope for different cellular events and time intervals. Antibacterial effect and Shear Bond Strength Test (SBST) were also analyzed. Biocompatibility was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests; SBST one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). For the antibacterial effect, the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman, followed by Dunn (P<0.05) tests were used. RESULTS: Morphological study of the tissues showed inflammatory infiltrate with significant differences between Groups C and RL18, in the time intervals of 7(P=0.013) and 15(P=0.032) days. The antimicrobial effects of the cements was shown to be CHX concentration-dependent (P=0.001). The SBST showed no significant difference between the Groups of Meron cement (P=0.385), however, there was difference between Group RL and Groups RL10 and RL18 (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of CHX did not negatively influence the SBST. Meron-CHX-10% was the most biocompatible, and Riva-CHX-18% had more influence on the inflammatory process and presented slower tissue repair. Key words:Glass ionomer, chlorhexidine, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, microscope.

Associação entre condições sistêmicas e gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes atendidos na Clínica-Escola da UFCG / Association between systemic conditions and the gravity of periodontal disease in patients attended at the UFCG School clinic

Introdução: A doença periodontal é uma doença inflamatória crônica dos tecidos de proteção e suporte dos dentes. As doenças ou alterações de ordem sistêmica, como diabetes, alterações cardiovasculares e pulmonares, distúrbios hormonais e outras, não iniciam a doença periodontal, mas podem acelerar uma doença preexistente, aumentando sua progressão e destruição tecidual. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de prontuários clínicos, uma possível associação entre as condições sistêmicas e a gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes atendidos na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus CSTR (UFCG-CSTR). Material e método: Para o estudo, foram avaliados 1.035 prontuários clínicos dos pacientes que procuraram atendimento na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da UFCG-CSTR durante os anos de 2012 a 2017. Resultado: A população estudada apresentou prevalência do sexo masculino (50,9%) e diagnóstico de doença gengival (63,6%) e periodontal (35,8%). As condições sistêmicas mais prevalentes foram hipertensão (15%), diabetes (7,5%) e cardiopatias (5,8%). Além disso, 20,2% relataram ser fumantes ou ex-fumantes, enquanto o uso de medicação foi observado em 28,3% dos casos. Foi verificada associação estatisticamente significativa entre doença periodontal, sexo masculino, faixa etária mais avançada, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo ou histórico de tabagismo e diabetes. Conclusão: Foi observada uma quantidade de dentes igual ou menor do que 10 com maior frequência entre os pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, hipertensos, diabéticos, cardiopatas e fumantes ou ex-fumantes, sugerindo, desse modo, uma maior gravidade da doença periodontal nesses indivíduos.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the protective and supporting tissues of the teeth. Systemic diseases or changes, such as diabetes, cardiovascular changes, lung changes, hormonal disorders and others, do not start periodontal disease, however they can accelerate a pre-existing disease increasing its progression and tissue destruction. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluated, through clinical records, a possible association between systemic conditions and the severity of periodontal disease in patients seen at the Clinical School of Dentistry, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus CSTR (UFCG-CSTR). Material and method: The study evaluated 1035 medical records of patients who sought care at the Clinical School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus CSTR during the years 2012 to 2017. Result: The studied population had a prevalence of males (50.9%) and a diagnosis of gingival and periodontal disease of 63.6% and 35.8%, respectively. The most prevalent systemic conditions were hypertension (15.0%), diabetes (7.5%) and heart disease (5.8%). About 20.2% reported being smokers or ex-smokers. The use of medication was observed in 28.3% of the cases. There was a statistically significant association between periodontal disease, male gender, older age group, arterial hypertension, smoking or history of smoking and diabetes. Conclusion: A number of teeth equal to or less than 10 was observed more frequently among patients aged 60 years or more; hypertensive, diabetic, cardiac patients and smokers or ex-smokers, thus suggesting a greater severity of periodontal disease in these individuals.

Perfil dos concluintes de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba / Profile of Dental graduates at the State University of Paraiba

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil sociodemográfico dos estudantes do último ano de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB) em 2016, os motivos que os levaram a optar pela Odontologia, a satisfação com o curso, bem como suas perspectivas de trabalho e de pósgraduação. A amostra foi constituída por 60 estudantes, que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado dividido em três blocos: perfil sociodemográfico; curso de graduação em Odontologia; e perspectivas de atuação profissional e de pós-graduação. Os resultados mostraram um predomínio de mulheres, jovens, solteiras, sem filhos, naturais do estado da Paraíba, com renda familiar mensal de 3 a 5 salários mínimos e sem familiares atuando como cirurgiões-dentistas. Seus pais apresentavam ensino médio ou superior completos e estavam inseridos no mercado de trabalho. Mais de 90% mostrou-se satisfeito com a opção pela Odontologia. Os motivos que os levaram a optar pela profissão foram a realização pessoal e profissional, seguida pelo interesse em atuar na comunidade. Cerca de 40% dos estudantes referiram reprovação e poucos referiram trancamento de matrícula no curso por algum período. Cerca de 80% dos estudantes avaliaram o curso como bom ou ótimo e consideram adequado o tempo de graduação de cinco anos. Pretendem trabalhar tanto no serviço público quanto no privado e fazer pós-graduação. Os achados permitiram identificar o perfil do formando em Odontologia da UEPB em 2016. Recomenda-se o acompanhamento permanente dos formandos como um importante instrumento de monitoramento de seu perfil e do desenvolvimento do currículo (AU).

The purpose of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile of the Dental graduates at the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), in 2016, the reasons that led them to opt for Dentistry, satisfaction with the course, as well as their perspectives of work and postgraduation. The sample was constituted by 60 students, who filled a semistructured questionnaire divided into three blocks: sociodemographic profile of the students; degree course in Dentistry; professional and postgraduate perspectives. The results showed a predominance of female, young, single, childless, originally from Paraíba, with monthly family income of 3 to 5 minimum wages and without a presence of dentists in the family. Their parents have either finished high school or higher education and are currently working. More than 90% were satisfied for choosing dentistry. The reasons that made them choose this profession were mainly the professional performance and personal satisfaction, followed by the interest of working in the community. Approximately 40% of the students reported disapproval and few reported dropping classes, consequently not attending the courses for a semester or more. Approximately 80% of the students evaluated the course as good or excellent and considered the graduation time of five years as appropriate. The students intend to work both in the public service and in private practice and do postgraduate studies. The findings made it possible to identify the profile of the Dental graduates at UEPB, in 2016. It is recommended the permanent accompaniment of the trainees as an essential monitoring instrument of the students and the curriculum (AU).

Effect of Different Concentrations of Chlorhexidine in Glass-ionomer Cements on In Vivo Biocompatibility.

PURPOSE: To examine whether a difference exists between the in vivo biocompatibility of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) containing chlorhexidine (CHX) in different concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four male Wistar rats were distributed into 7 groups (n = 12) and received subcutaneous implants of small tubes containing different materials, as follows: Ketac control (K), Ketac-CHX 10% (K10), Ketac-CHX 18% (K18), Resilience control (R), Resilience-CHX 10% (R10), Resilience-CHX 18% (R18), Control (polyethylene). The animals were then sacrificed on post-insertion days 7, 15 and 30, and tissues were examined under an optical microscope for inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, multinucleated giant cells, and collagen fibers. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Groups K18 and R18 showed larger areas of intense inflammatory infiltrate, with significant differences between group C and groups K18 and R18 (p = 0.007) at 7 days, and between groups C and K18 (p = 0.017) at 15 days. In terms of tissue repair, groups K18 and R18 demonstrated a lower quantity of collagen fibers with significant differences from group C (p = 0.019) at 7 days, and between group K18 and group C (p = 0.021) at 15 days. CONCLUSION: The 18% concentration of CHX was shown to have a toxic effect. The 10% concentration of CHX was shown to be suitable for tissue contact. The addition of CHX to the glass-ionomer cements is a highly promising method for obtaining of an antibacterial GIC for use in clinical practice.

Effect of degree of conversion on in vivo biocompatibility of flowable resin used for bioprotection of mini-implants.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the biocompatibility and degree of monomer conversion of flowable resins used as bioprotective materials of orthodontic mini-implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n  =  12). Group Control (polyethylene), Group Wave, Group Top Comfort, and Group Filtek. The animals were sacrificed after time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days and tissues were analyzed under optical microscopy for inflammatory infiltrate, edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, multinucleated giant cells, and collagen formation. The degree of conversion was evaluated by the Fourier method. Biocompatibility and degree of conversion were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, and analysis of variance and the Tukey test, respectively (P < .05). RESULTS: An intense inflammatory infiltrate was observed on the seventh day, with Groups Top Comfort and Filtek differing statistically from Group Control (P  =  .016). Edema, necrosis, granulation tissue, and giant cells showed greater expressiveness at 7 days, without statistical difference between them (P > .05). For the presence of collagen fibers, Group Top Comfort was shown to differ statistically from Group Control (P  =  .037) at 15 days and from Groups Filtek and Control (P  =  .008) at 30 days. Monomer conversion ranged from 62.3% in Group Top Comfort at 7 days to 79.1% in Group Filtek at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis was rejected. The resin Top Comfort demonstrated lower tissue repair capacity with a lower number of collagen fibers compared with Filtek and Wave resins. The resin Top Comfort showed the lowest conversion values during the experiment.

Estudo in vitro da captação e liberação de flúor de cimentos ionoméricos reforçados com resina / In vitro study of fluoride release and uptake of resin-reinforced ionomer cements

A liberação de fluoreto por cimentos ortodônticos é fundamental para a prevenção da desmineralização dentária. O objetivo dos autores foi avaliar o desempenho de cimentos de ionômero de vidro reforçados com resina, quanto à capacidade de liberação e captação de flúor. Os materiais foram divididos em 3 grupos: 2 cimentos de ionômero de vidro reforça-dos com resina e 1 cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional utilizado para a cimentação de bandas ortodônticas: Grupo UB (Ultra Band Lock, Reliance), Grupo UP (Ultrapermaband, OrthoSource) e Grupo M (Meron, Voco), como controle. A liberação de flúor foi medida após 1h e no 1°, 3°, 7°, 14°, 21° e 28° dia, utilizando-se um eletrodo íon seletivo conectado a um analisador de íons. Para avaliação da recarga de flúor, os espécimes foram expostos à solução de fluoreto de sódio (1000 ppm de flúor) no 28°, 30°, 31° e 32° dia. O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de comparações múltiplas de Dunn foram utilizados para análise estatística.

The fluoride release by orthodontic cements is crucial to prevent dental demineralization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements, regarding its ability to release and uptake fluoride. Materials were divided into 3 groups: 2 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements and 1 conventional glass ionomer cement used on orthodontic bands cementation: Group UB (Ultra Band Lock, Reliance), Group UP (Ultrapermaband, Ortho Source), and Group M (Meron, Voco), as control. The fluoride release was measured after 1h and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, using a selective ion electrode connected to an ion analyzer. To evaluate the recharge of fluoride, the specimens were exposed to sodium fluoride solution (1000 ppm fluoride) on days 28, 30, 31 and 32. The nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis and the Dunn multiple comparisons test were used for statistical analysis.

Anteroposterior and vertical changes in skeletal class II patients treated with modified Thurow appliance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment anteroposterior and vertical alterations in skeletal Class II malocclusion with different maxillary patterns in patients treated with modified Thurow appliance. Forty-five patients (22 girls and 23 boys) with skeletal Class II and angle SN.GoGn ≤ 35 and different maxillary patterns (n = 15), as follows: retrusive (SNA<80°), normal (SNA = 80°- 84°) or protrusive (SNA>84°) maxilla; mean age 9 years at pre-treatment (T1) and 9 years and 10 months at post-treatment (T2), were treated with modified Thurow cervical traction appliance, with expander screw and extraoral face bow with 10° to 20° fold in relation to the intraoral arch. Force of 500 gf was applied and use for 12 to 14 h/day, with fortnightly adjustments. Analysis of variance ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney were used (α = 5%). In changes obtained from stage T1 to T2, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups Protrusive, normal and retrusive maxilla for the variables SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite and Class II discrepancy (right and left) (p>0.05). Angular measurements SNA and ANB in the protrusive maxilla group were significantly greater than in the normal and retrusive maxilla groups (p<0.01). However, in the normal maxilla group these values did not differ significantly from those of the retrusive maxilla group (p>0.05). Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that the modified Thurow cervical traction appliance was efficient for the correction of skeletal Class II irrespective of the maxillary pattern. The mandible had no significant rotation during treatment.

Anteroposterior and Vertical Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated With Modified Thurow Appliance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment anteroposterior and vertical alterations in skeletal Class II malocclusion with different maxillary patterns in patients treated with modified Thurow appliance. Forty-five patients (22 girls and 23 boys) with skeletal Class II and angle SN.GoGn ≤ 35 and different maxillary patterns (n=15), as follows: retrusive (SNA<80°), normal (SNA=80°- 84°) or protrusive (SNA>84°) maxilla; mean age 9 years at pre-treatment (T1) and 9 years and 10 months at post-treatment (T2), were treated with modified Thurow cervical traction appliance, with expander screw and extraoral face bow with 10° to 20° fold in relation to the intraoral arch. Force of 500 gf was applied and use for 12 to 14 h/day, with fortnightly adjustments. Analysis of variance ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney were used (α=5%). In changes obtained from stage T1 to T2, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups Protrusive, normal and retrusive maxilla for the variables SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite and Class II discrepancy (right and left) (p>0.05). Angular measurements SNA and ANB in the protrusive maxilla group were significantly greater than in the normal and retrusive maxilla groups (p<0.01). However, in the normal maxilla group these values did not differ significantly from those of the retrusive maxilla group (p>0.05). Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that the modified Thurow cervical traction appliance was efficient for the correction of skeletal Class II irrespective of the maxillary pattern. The mandible had no significant rotation during treatment.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações verticais e ântero-posterior pós-tratamento da maloclusão Classe II esquelética com diferentes padrões maxilar de pacientes tratados com aparelho Thurow modificado. Quarenta e cinco pacientes (22 meninas e 23 meninos) com Classe II esquelética e ângulo SN.GoGn≤35 e diferente padrão maxilar (n=15),sendo: maxila retrusiva (SNA<80°), normal (SNA= 80°-84°) ou protrusiva (SNA>84°) e idade média de 9 anos no pré-tratamento (T1) e 9 anos e 10 meses no pós-tratamento (T2), foram tratados com aparelho Thurow modificado de tração cervical com parafuso expansor e arco facial externo com dobra de 10° a 20° em relação ao arco interno. Foi empregado a força de 500 gf e uso de 12 a 14 h/dia, com ajustes quinzenais. Análise de variância ANOVA seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Tukey e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis seguido por Mann-Whitney foram empregados (p<0.05). Nas mudanças obtidas da fase T1 para T2, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos maxila protusiva, normal e retrusiva para as variáveis SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite e discrepância de classe II (direita e esquerda) (p>0.05). As medidas angulares SNA e ANB no grupo maxila protusiva foi significativamente maior do que nos grupos maxila normal e retrusiva (p<0.01). Entretanto, esses valores no grupo maxila normal não diferiram do grupo maxila retrusiva (p>0.05). Dentro dos limites do estudo, pode-se concluir que o aparelho de Thurow modificado de tração cervical foi eficiente na correção da Classe II esquelética independente do padrão maxilar. A mandíbula não teve rotação significativa durante o tratamento.

Fluoride release from orthodontic composites: in vitro study / Liberação de flúor de compósitos ortodônticos: estudo in vitro

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of orthodontic composites, given their fluoride release and uptake ability. Methods: The materials were divided into 3 groups: 2 orthodontic composites and 1 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement used for bonding orthodontic brackets, as follows: Group Q (Quick Cure, Reliance), Group A (Aqualite, OrthoSource) and Group OGLC (Ortho Glass LC, DFL) and a control group. The fluoride release was measured for 28 days (after 1 hour and then 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) via an ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. To evaluate the recharge of fluoride, the specimens were exposed to sodium fluoride solution (1,000 ppm fluoride) for 28, 30, 31 and 32 days. The variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey?s tests were used to evaluate between groups (p< 0.05). Results: The results showed that the materials reached the peak of fluoride release 24 hours after polymerization. There was a statistical difference between groups Q and A at the time intervals of 1 hour and at at 1, 3, 7, 14 days and after recharge with fluoride (p? 0.05). The Q and A groups showed a statistical difference with the Group OGLC in all periods p< 0.05). Conclusion: The Quick Cure composite showed a higher initial ability for fluoride uptake and release compared to the Aqualite composite. Both composites showed similar performance after 21 days.

Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento de compósitos ortodônticos, quanto a capacidade de liberação e captação de flúor. Métodos: Os materiais foram divididos em 3 grupos: 2 compósitos ortodônticos e 1 cimento de ionômero de vidro reforçado com resina utilizados para colagem de bráquetes ortodônticos, sendo: Grupo Q (Quick Cure, Reliance), Grupo A (Aqualite, OrthoSource) e Grupo OGLC (Ortho Glass LC, DFL), como controle. A liberação de flúor foi medida durante 28 dias (1h e 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias), através de um eletrodo íon seletivo conectado a um analisador de íons. Para avaliação da recarga de flúor, os espécimes foram expostos a solução de fluoreto de sódio (1000 ppm de flúor) nos dias 28, 30, 31 e 32. A análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey foram utilizados para avaliação entre grupos (p< 0.05). Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que os materiais atingiram o pico máximo de liberação de flúor com 24 horas após a polimerização. Houve diferença estatística entre os grupos Q e A nos tempos de 1 hora , 1, 3, 7, 14 dias e após recarga com flúor (p<0.05). Os grupos Q e A apresentaram diferença estatística com o grupo OGLC em todos os períodos (p<0.05). Conclusão: O compósito Quick Cure apresentou maior capacidade de liberação e captação de flúor inicial comparado ao compósito Aqualite. Ambos os compósitos apresentaram desempenho semelhante após 21 dias.